Project 3 plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project 3 plan - Essay Example Furthermore, information pertaining to the hazards brought about by highly hazardous chemicals in the process is also to be explored. This information includes permissible exposure limits, the reactivity and corrosiveness of the chemicals, toxicity, and data on thermal and chemical stability. Process flow diagrams and charts such as those revealed by ReVelle (2003) are also essential in conceptualizing process safety management. Process safety information in PSM should cover the information pertaining to its technology and equipment. This is to involve construction materials diagrams on how the implementation of piping and other instruments are to be laid, electrical classification and design basis alongside other vital information. In this project we will also cover the process hazard analysis procedures used in PSM as discussed in the DOE Handbook (2004). The process is to involve identification, evaluation, and control of the hazards involves in it. This project is important as it will also reveal some of the ways in which previous incidents which had the potential of causing catastrophic consequences can be prevented in workplaces. This is achievable through identification of engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards. In this context, it is necessary to identify and describe major training requirements, major safety systems and their functions, and major steps of operating procedures. Most of these involve employees as they are the ones likely to fall victims. Should this project be done, ways through which catastrophes can be minimized or prevented shall be revealed. Besides that, safety and health considerations against highly hazardous chemicals shall also be

Cultural Differences in Uncertainty Reduction Essay

Cultural Differences in Uncertainty Reduction - Essay Example The basic difference between high context cultures and low context ones is that while high context cultures view communication as a means for social bonding, low context cultures see it as a means for information transmission. As a result people while people from these varied cultural backgrounds are faced with anxiety when dealing with strangers, the manner in which they tackle the issue is rather different. Charles Berger's Uncertainty Reduction Theory deals with this concept of 'uncertainty' and focuses on how different aspects of communication can increase or decrease our uncertainty level about others Uncertainty reduction is all about understanding a stranger and being able to predict and explain his/her behaviour in a given context. (Griffin, 2006)The first part of this paper focuses on Charles Berger's uncertainty reduction theory and how this theory is important to our understanding of communication between cultures. The second part of the paper discusses the issue of cultural differences between societies and individuals. This section will describe the various characteristics of high and low context cultures and how they try to reduce uncertainty while dealing with strangers. Expanding on Berger's theory,. ... Expanding on Berger's theory,. William Gudykunst and his colleagues found out that all cultures seek to reduce anxiety and uncertainty in the initial stages of the relationship, but they do so in different ways (Littlejohn & Foss, 2004). The difference can be explained by whether one is a member of a high-context culture or low-context culture. Central to the uncertainty reduction theory, which was originally formulated by Charles Berger, is the assumption that when strangers meet, their primary concern is one of uncertainty reduction or increasing predictability about the behavior of both themselves and others in the interaction (Wright, 2000). The original formulation of uncertainty reduction theory in initial interactions posited seven axioms and 21 theorems which specify the interrelations among uncertainty, amount of communication, nonverbal affirmative expressiveness, information seeking, intimacy level of communication content, reciprocity, similarity, and liking (Gudykunst, 1985). The seven axioms that Berger uses to reinforce his theory are; as verbal communication increases, the level of uncertainty decreases; uncertainty causes increased levels of information seeking; high levels of uncertainty result in low levels of self disclosure; uncertainty causes increased levels of reciprocity; similarities decreases unce rtainty whereas dissimilarities increase uncertainty; and high levels of uncertainty causes a decrease in liking whereas low levels of uncertainty increase liking (Wright, 2000). Charles Berger's Uncertainty reduction Theory focuses on how human communication can be used to gain knowledge and create understanding. (Griffin, 2006) . Uncertainty reduction follws a three step pattern of developmental stages namely, entry personal and exit. At

Higher Education Essay Example for Free

Higher Education Essay Economic Crisis and Higher Education in the United States The 2008–2012 economic failure is considered by many economists and investors to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It results in the risk of total collapse from big financial firms, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis also plays a significant role in the crash of key businesses and collapse of housing market, results in the delayed unemployment. Higher education is a large and various venture in the United States, which has impacted by the economic recession in a number of ways, but these impacts have not been the same and vary depending on state and type of institution. Most higher education traditions started to be concerned about their financial problems due to economic recession. Their main source of revenue has been hurt by the downturn, and that those universities would need to make hard decisions about how to spend their money. In some states, a lot of institutions are in process of fund-raising programs to avoid delaying their supported campus building projects. Many of higher education university’s leaders have been considering and solving of two following questions: How is the economic downturn affecting institutions both public and private? What strategies are leaders implementing to guide their institutions? Unsuccessful budget strategies are the main reason that caused many institutions’ problems. Their top managers have not effectively managed their money. Fund-raising, government support, and earned income will also suffer in a poor economy. They are also experiencing revenue deficits due to lower state appropriations, endowment losses, or a reduction in donation. Furthermore, institutions difficulties in gaining access to funds invested in a major short-term investment fund. According to Ken Chabotar, author of The Economy and Higher Education, budget management is related to the most complicated set of relationships in higher education are among college costs, student tuition fees, financial aid, and enrollment. Quality plus financial aid and affordability are the issues that most colleges and universities worry how much economics will affect while thinking about to limit costs and prices. In the current economic situation, adults and recent high-school graduates are willing to study for two years at a community college make more financial sense than going straight to a more expensive campus. Community colleges as known as lower cost institutions are recognizing a rise in enrollment levels while small, independent colleges and universities result in a fall in enrollment. As a result, the economic crisis creates hardship not only for students in paying their tuition and also difficulties for higher education institutions to maintain their enrollment level, especially their budget and revenue. Additionally, many of well-known universities such as Harvard, Yale, and Princeton etc. are facing difficult financial problems due to cut of endowment and donation from investors and alumni. Well-endowed institutions have suffered losses up to a third of market value and 30% of donated money compelling budget cuts, wage freezes, and borrowing to support the operating budget rather than increase endowment spending. In the United States, there are a lot of campus relied on endowment too much. Many universities have been delayed on cash funding of appropriations from state and federal government. The top managers have to suspense almost half of capital projects and research in order to balance their institutions’ budget. Loss of enrollment and endowment in higher education increases the financial needs of university in order to afford their expenses and keep operation going.

Mool Mantra of Success

Mool Mantra of Success About Mool Mantra of Success Like the name goes, Mool Mantra of Success, a Hindi language originally means soft, crumbly soil rich in mold or humus. It can also mean earth from or for a grave. Mool Mantra is an Indian god that a number of people patronize for success. As a matter of fact, Mool Mantra is widely believed by Hindus and many devotees have the belief and trust that the system can give them prosperity, peace of mind as well as having the ability to help the practitioner overcome frustration and depression. The recitation of the song, (moola mantra) for about 108 times, is believed to attract showers of lords blessings on all his devotees. Many people have been recorded to have gone to Mool Mantra to get success: a good job, better life partner, Good wealth and health, solving love and relationship problems, and to solve family matters, etc. However, one dangerous thing is that as it gives favor, it can also give dramatic effects to one when the person follows the way it is taught. However, the Kali devi mantras specialist is in charge of assisting individuals to learn the way and the manner to follow it for effectiveness and in order to get the desired outcome as soon as possible. The Importance of Building Relationships up to brand champion in the Customer Relationship Ladder According to Dubois (2017), companies in all industries and of all sizes understand that customers are perhaps their most valuable assets. Improving the overall customer experience is vital for continued success and survival, and always has been. The following according to Dubois (2017), are therefore, some very important ways and needs for building and maintaing a relationship up to brand champion in the customer relationship ladder: 1. Communication Link: Building and maintaining customer relationship in all ramifications helps customers to have a good communication link with one another. According to Okpata (2006: 247), good communication link exists between customers who have good relations approach because it is a vital tool which helps the parties grow ties with one another and remain in touch with the most current trends for rapid market growth. Notably, it is very important to always speak with customers for evaluation of sales. In doing this, there would be need to focus on less financial-driven communication like email, phone or face-to-face interaction. No doubt, if you make your customers feel involved, they will feel as though they actually have a stake in your company, and feel like you care about more than just getting the sale. 2. Rewards: According to Koontz et al (1983:647), individuals can be motivated by properly designing their work environment and praising their performance. Rewarding customers, time to time is really a viable and measurable marketing tool that any businesses can use to retain their customers and grow their business. Its all about recognizing and understanding your customers. As Herzgerg (1968), in the motivation-Hygiene theory would put it, people are highly satisfied when their impacts are recognized and appreciated. Once ones customers are recognized, they tend to offer their patronage over and over and their relationship increases. 3. Enhancing Customer Service: The increase of relationship gives room to effectiveness and efficiency in meeting up with the demand of customers. This is because customers always like to patronize you whenever they know that you will always be able and willing to fix any problem that may arise in their business. In other words, every business man would always like to do business and maintain closeness with the customer that is highly skilled and read to maintain relationship. 4. Starting Small but Emphasizing Human Touch: As Armstrong (2009:887), would put it, it is very important to emphasize mutuality. That is to say that getting the message we are all in this together and that the interests of everybody coincide are very necessary in building customers relationship.   And in return, when customer relations is built, business associates will get to know the names and faces of their regular customers and that will show that the business personnel care. In other words, as a small business, making the extra effort to emphasize face-to-face interaction booms such business as opposed to phone or email. 5. Flexibility: According to Armstrong (2009:886), the concept of social partnership can be put into practice through partnership agreements. A business man therefore, would become flexible, quick and attentive to a customers problems or complaints when there is the existence of customer relations. Such a person would set aside some strategic ideas for dealing with an unhappy customer, and would not waver far from the old mantra that the customer is always right. In addition, Turnbull (2013), stated that theimportance of building relationships up to brand champion in the customer is imperative because it helps one to understandcustomersbrands. Of a truth, one of theimportance of building relationships up to brand champion is that it helps a business man to always clearly understand exactly the brand the customer desires at any moment and supply them on demand. Sometimes, this may involve spending time with the client to ascertain what he/she needs at any moment in time. This is because it is very important to know the brand, customers really want at any giving time. References Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, India: Replika Press Pvt Ltd. Dictionary.com unabridged (online), from: www.insightstate.com/video/maha_ganapati_mool_mant. Dubois, L. (2017). The Importance of Building Relationships up to brand champion in the Customer Relationship Ladder (online), from: www.Inc.com/guides/2010/08/how_to_build_personal Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees?, Harvard Business Review, 46, 1. Koontz, H., ODonnell, C. and H. Weihrich (1985). Eds. Management, Tokyo: McGraw- Hill. Okpata, F.O. (2006) Bureaucratic Communication and Information Management: Enugu, Jones Communication Publishers. Turnbull, J (2013). The Importance of Client Relationships for an SEO Agency (online), from: www.stateofdigital.com/seo_agency_client_relationships.

America Needs Greater Voter Participation Essay example -- Politics Po

Government and Politics – America Needs Greater Voter Participation We may live in a country that encourages voting in political elections, yet the level of voter turnout in America is relatively small and continues to decline. Compared to other countries with democratic governments, the United States falls very near the bottom of the list with its percentage of voter participation. One explanation for this disturbing phenomenon states that the American system requires more effort from voters, asking them to participate in â€Å"more elections for more levels of government with more elective offices at each level than any other country in the world† (Schudson 159). In most other democracies, the citizens may be asked to vote only 2 or 3 times over a 4-year period (Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry 246). American voters feel overwhelmed by all that is asked of them. The diverse and numerous elections held in the United States, especially at the state and local levels try the attention spans of voters and decrease their willingness or desire to participate. Reading the local election ballot and trying to determine the actual function of the various obscure local offices such as county clerk, court clerk or register of deeds can be a daunting task. Extracting real meaning from the political jargon used in wording local propositions can also be a challenge and source of discouragement (Schudson 156). Dr. Bill Lyons, of the University of Tennessee, said this of Tennessee state and local elections: â€Å"In Tennessee, we also have a very long ballot with a lot of constitutional offices and we have an awful lot of elections. I think that’s bad because it unnecessarily splits the time and attention of voters† (Flessner 2). Ame... ...n Perspective Sections on pages 208 and 245. Michael Schudson, â€Å"Voting Rites: Why We Need a New Concept of Citizenship†. Allan Cigler and Burdett Loomis, American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1999, pp. 156-164. Project Vote Smart, â€Å"PVS General Population and Youth Survey†, Department of Political Science at OSU, http://www.vote-smart.org/youthsurvey.phtml?checking=/, 1999, p. 5. Robert D. Putnam, â€Å"Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital†. Allan Cigler and Burdett Loomis, American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1999, pp. 165-175. Ruy Teixeira, â€Å"Voter Turnout in America: Ten Myths†. Allan Cigler and Burdett Loomis, American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1999, pp. 149-155.

Greek Politics Essay -- Political Democracy Governmental Essays

Greek Politics At the foundation of the widely differing systems devised by democratic peoples, there is one essential conviction, expressed in the word democracy itself: that power should be in the hands of the people. Although democracy today has been slightly inefficient in this idea, with the wealthy, elite class challenging this right, â€Å"it nevertheless claims for itself a fundamental validity that no other kind of society shares†¦.† To completely understand the structure of democracy, one must return to the roots of the practice itself, and examine the origins in ancient Greece, the expansion in the Roman Empire, and how these practices combined make what we recognize as today’s democratic government. Democracy began with the Greeks in the various city-states. Political thought also began in Greece. The â€Å"calm and clear rationalism of the Greek mind† started this way of thinking. Rather than focusing on the religious sphere, the Greeks chose to concentrate on the self and all things visible. They attempted to enter the world of the light of reason. â€Å"Democratic ideology and democratic political thought – the one implicitly, the other explicitly – sought to reconcile freedom and the pursuit of one’s own good with public order.† A sense of the value of the individual was thus one of the primary conditions of the development of political thought in Greece. Political life expressed a shared, ordered self- understanding, not a mere struggle for power. This ideal led to the birth of a new government, a self-governing community – the Greek city-state. A city-state is â€Å"an aggregation of free human beings, bound together by common ties, some of which may be called natural ties, some artificial.† Natural ties are those such as race, language, religion, and land – the territory occupied by the city-state. Artificial ties include law, customs, government, commerce, and self-defense. A governing body does not need all of these ties to become a city-state; however, all must have a reasonable amount of artificial ties. Every community must possess some form of law, otherwise the people are bound together only by natural ties, and thus, they are not a governing body. The Greek polis enabled the people to express their individualism. The polis was â€Å"ideological and it was reflective† in allowing a person to be a part of the political society a... ...w York: Worth Publishers, Inc., 1999). 1. Light. 2. Light. 14. Light. 27. Light. 2. Bibliography Adcock, F.E. Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1966 Agard, Walter R. What Democracy Meant to the Greeks. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1942. Barker, Sir Ernest. Greek Political Theory: Plato and His Predecessors. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1960. Easton, David. The Political System: an Inquiry into the State of Political Science. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1971. Farrer, Cynthia. The Origins of Democratic Thinking: the Invention of Politics in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Fowler, W. Warde. The City State of the Greeks and Romans. London: MacMillian & Co. Ltd., 1963. Hollister, C. Warren. Roots of the Western Tradition: A Short History of the Ancient World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. Light, Paul C. A Delicate Balance. New York: Worth Publishers, Inc., 1999. Rhodes, Henry A. â€Å"The Athenian Court and the American Court System.† Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

UK software industry

In the business world strategic positioning has become an unavoidable endeavor as businesses look for every means of improving their competitive advantage. In such a business environment, a much reliable reprieve can be found in the adaptation of analysis models by organizations in their marketing campaigns. PEST analysis models have been utilized by organizations all over the world to determine or predict future trends in business as well as to take preemptive measures to avoid running into losses (Charles, Hill, & Jones, 2006p. 9-98),. Below is a PEST analysis of UK’s software industry. Political factors The political changes in the UK really do impact negatively on the software industry, although of late, there has been a concerted effort to enact legislation to curb software piracy which has been termed as one of the greatest threats to the industry. Currently the anti-piracy law of UK prohibits and sets forth legal measures against perpetrators of the crime and it is anti cipated that this will stamp out the vice that is so rife in the UK. From a global perspective, different political scenarios in different countries where the software industry market their products also impacts on the performance of the industry, for instance, the software industry is affected negatively when other countries which have been traditionally markets for UK software companies change to competitors for instance China and India. This is usually occasioned by regime change in those countries. Gender equality has also had a significant influence of the industry I that, they have been forced to change their labor policies to reflect equal opportunities accorded to all genders. Economic Factors. Although there is a clear-cut difference between political factors and economic factors some happenings in political arenas have had an impact on the economic factors for instance legislation touching on taxation for software products. Currently the economic state in the UK is friendly and no signals point to the contrary. Relatively stable exchange rates, as well as low inflation levels, a steady income growth in the domestic market, have all contributed positively the growth of the sector in the UK and is projected to continue that way into the future. Social Factors. As these determine the buying behavior for customers, the UK market can be said to be mature in that, sales and demand for software products is on the increase, a trend that has continued for the past three years. The fact that, most software products are not viewed as hazardous and there fore are looked at as harmless has contributed to a positive growth of the software market in the UK. This can be evidenced by the fact that, people from all walks of life can purchase different software custom made. There have been few cases of major complaints form the society in terms of their usability and effectiveness of what is on offer in the market. This further strengthens the future position of the sector as far as viability and profitability are concerned. Technological Factors. Advances in this area especially as occasioned by computers, the internet, as well as well as cell phones, has had an impact on software industry in that, production has become cheaper than it would have been in the absence of the above. In the UK, majority of the software companies have invested heavily on technology and this has been reflected in surging profits. In conclusion, from the above analysis it is clear that, the future for software industry in the UK I bright and those businesses which shall capitalize themselves by taking a strategic position are more likely to thrive.